In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of Romania. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). The Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows in a southeasterly direction for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, and other major urban areas include Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe, and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union.

It has a predominantly temperate- continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km 2 (92,046 sq mi), with a population of around 19 million. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east and the Black Sea to the southeast. Romania ( / r oʊ ˈ m eɪ n i ə/ ( listen) ro- MAY-nee-ə Romanian: România ( listen)) is a country at the crossroads of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. eu, shared with other European Union member states.

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